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我看H7N9禽流感

我看H7N9禽流感

各位鳥友:

自從H7N9禽流感成為傳媒的焦點之後,不斷浮現把野鳥視為病毒源頭的報導,在香港和內地製造誤會和不必要的對野外鳥類的恐慌,連交通大學也大動作破壞鳥巢(雖然後來否認跟H7N9有關)。
我在新浪網先後發了兩篇博文,煩請你們幫忙在內地傳播,希望可以發揮一點微小的力量,頂住增長中的、針對野鳥的負面輿論和不能預測的群眾滅鳥行為。

請你們看:
http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_c0550a8e01015v8k.html
http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_c0550a8e01015nzg.html

香港觀鳥會
林超英

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CY ,你好。不如在本地報章投稿,講下看法。個人讚同CY高見,拿住望遠鏡觀鳥是不會生病

另外,雖然野烏有H5N1,港人、政府及部份學者(袁教授除外)經H5N1多年教育,知道活家禽業才是人類致病的途徑。觀鳥會或許寫篇文章,總結H5N1的經驗及啟示,並反對任何補獵野鳥及活野鳥貿易

還有,傳染病醫生大多不懂雀鳥生態,觀鳥會可趁機更正謬誤

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林先生,已一盡己力,包括個人網誌、本地網絡媒體(主場新聞)和現在的新浪微博,對此真的要多謝林先生的盡心盡力。在我看來,即使能在本地報張,投一兩篇稿,其影響力亦不會有重大的改變。
我們的局長,高醫生亦是觀鳥人,我們可否請他為此說真話呢?

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Dear all

Forgive if I use English as the means of communication and I am not an anglophile.

Having said that, I state here everyone who reads this forum and has the right perspective should spread their understanding of wild birds.

Wild birds are victims; their freelands are being mercilessly encroached, damaged and destroyed by humans as a result of their population
increase nearly exponentially. Human greed and cruelty and largely partial understanding leads to the present state. I dare say human beings would not be tolerated by nature or mother earth and their future is doomed.

Having said that, to redeem part of our sins, everyone should spread the news that in spite of the fact that birds are bird flu carriers, without the medium of domestic poultry kept in poor hygienic state and proper isolation, wild birds will keep humanly harmless bird flus to themselves until the flus's genes are reshuffled and producing new ones that cause human deaths. Is that clear who are the wrongdoers?

We are all great sinners in the eyes of God or the buddhas. The Bible says humans are given the power to take care of other animals, not controlling their life and death. And Buddha said every life has equal right. In the eyes of every truly great mind, humans are no superior whose minds are evils themselves.

My statements here are not extremists'. I  only speak the truths.

Everyone from now on eat just enough according to the principle of a balanced diet. Get most of our protein from plants, not wholly or nearly all from animals. Save animal lives whenever you can. Our mercy is just enough to redeem one hundredth or less of our wrongdoings.

S L Tai

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借分享,謝謝!

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H7N9 來源 - 刺血針醫學期刊 (Source of H7N9 - The Lancet)

Direct quote from http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(13)60903-4/abstract?rss=yes :

The Lancet, 25 April 2013

Human infections with the emerging avian influenza A H7N9 virus from wet market poultry: clinical analysis and characterisation of viral genome

Yu Chen MD a b †, Weifeng Liang MD a b †, Shigui Yang PhD a b †, Nanping Wu PhD a b †, Hainv Gao MD a b, Jifang Sheng MD a b, Hangping Yao PhD a b, Jianer Wo PhD a b, Qiang Fang MD a, Dawei Cui PhD a, Yongcheng Li MD c, Xing Yao MD d, Yuntao Zhang MD a, Haibo Wu PhD a b, Shufa Zheng PhD a, Hongyan Diao PhD a b, Shichang Xia MD e, Yanjun Zhang PhD e, Kwok-Hung Chan PhD f, Hoi-Wah Tsoi MPhil f, Jade Lee-Lee Teng PhD f, Wenjun Song PhD f, Pui Wang PhD f, Siu-Ying Lau MPhil f, Min Zheng MPhil f, Jasper Fuk-Woo Chan FRCPath f, Kelvin Kai-Wang To FRCPath f, Honglin Chen PhD b f, Prof Lanjuan Li MD a b , Prof Kwok-Yung Yuen MD b f

Summary

Background
Human infection with avian influenza A H7N9 virus emerged in eastern China in February, 2013, and has been associated with exposure to poultry. We report the clinical and microbiological features of patients infected with influenza A H7N9 virus and compare genomic features of the human virus with those of the virus in market poultry in Zhejiang, China.

Methods
Between March 7 and April 8, 2013, we included hospital inpatients if they had new-onset respiratory symptoms, unexplained radiographic infiltrate, and laboratory-confirmed H7N9 virus infection. We recorded histories and results of haematological, biochemical, radiological, and microbiological investigations. We took throat and sputum samples, used RT-PCR to detect M, H7, and N9 genes, and cultured samples in Madin-Darby canine kidney cells. We tested for co-infections and monitored serum concentrations of six cytokines and chemokines. We collected cloacal swabs from 86 birds from epidemiologically linked wet markets and inoculated embryonated chicken eggs with the samples. We identified and subtyped isolates by RT-PCR sequencing. RNA extraction, complementary DNA synthesis, and PCR sequencing were done for one human and one chicken isolate. We characterised and phylogenetically analysed the eight gene segments of the viruses in the patient's and the chicken's isolates, and constructed phylogenetic trees of H, N, PB2, and NS genes.

Findings
We identified four patients (mean age 56 years), all of whom had contact with poultry 3—8 days before disease onset. They presented with fever and rapidly progressive pneumonia that did not respond to antibiotics. Patients were leucopenic and lymphopenic, and had impaired liver or renal function, substantially increased serum cytokine or chemokine concentrations, and disseminated intravascular coagulation with disease progression. Two patients died. Sputum specimens were more likely to test positive for the H7N9 virus than were samples from throat swabs. The viral isolate from the patient was closely similar to that from an epidemiologically linked market chicken. All viral gene segments were of avian origin. The H7 of the isolated viruses was closest to that of the H7N3 virus from domestic ducks in Zhejiang, whereas the N9 was closest to that of the wild bird H7N9 virus in South Korea [emphasis mine]. We noted Gln226Leu and Gly186Val substitutions in human virus H7 (associated with increased affinity for α-2,6-linked sialic acid receptors) and the PB2 Asp701Asn mutation (associated with mammalian adaptation). Ser31Asn mutation, which is associated with adamantane resistance, was noted in viral M2.

Interpretation
Cross species poultry-to-person transmission of this new reassortant H7N9 virus is associated with severe pneumonia and multiorgan dysfunction in human beings. Monitoring of the viral evolution and further study of disease pathogenesis will improve disease management, epidemic control, and pandemic preparedness.
***Quote Ends***
遠觀而不攝玩。

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《H7N9禽流感與野鳥》

世界自然基金會香港分會米埔中心經理鄭定基《H7N9禽流感與野鳥》(原載《明報》2013年5月2日A32版),現在節錄最後兩段如下。全文可見于:
http://hk.news.yahoo.com/%E9%84%AD%E5%AE%9A%E5%9F%BA-h7n9%E7%A6%BD%E6%B5%81%E6%84%9F%E8%88%87%E9%87%8E%E9%B3%A5-212335748.html

要理性分析 不宜早下結論
事實上,和大多數野生動物一樣,野鳥十分機警,在人類接近時便會受驚飛走,鮮有機會直接與人類身體接觸。自2003年至目前為止,超過4.5萬個在米埔取得的野鳥樣本已送交香港大學公共衛生學院的研究人員檢測,但從未發現這些樣本對禽流感病毒(包括H7N9)呈陽性反應。至於時間上,春季候鳥遷移的方向是南方朝北方,所以在未來數月候鳥從疫區攜帶H7N9病毒到香港的可能性偏低。[斜体為本人添加]

因此,在謹慎應對禽流感風險之餘,亦要理性分析,不宜早下結論,以免引起不必要的恐慌和錯配對策。現時,眾多國內外醫學和科研單位正對這剛出現的疾病進行追蹤和研究,相信不久便會有更多科學證據讓政府和醫療人員作出合適應對。只要留意個人衛生,目前到香港郊外旅遊、觀鳥等的活動仍然十分安全。
(引述完結)
遠觀而不攝玩。

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內地媒體報導:活禽市場是人感染H7N9病毒源頭
http://news.xinhuanet.com/gangao/2013-04/25/c_115546920.htm

轉載林先生另一篇文章: <H7N9:源自活禽市場獲得確認,擴散形勢反映無關候鳥>
http://tiandiyouqing.blogspot.hk/2013/04/h7n9_28.html

Press release on proof of poultry wet market as the source of virus of avian influenza A H7N9:
https://www.hku.hk/press/news_detail_9614.html
香港觀鳥會 HKBWS

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